
Ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae pass through 4 stages of development: egg, larva,
nymph, and the sexually differentiated adult. The ticks discussed here are all 3-host ticks,
meaning that they must locate and feed upon 3 different hosts in order to complete their life
cycle. Animals that provide a bloodmeal are termed hosts. With the possible exception of the
brown dog tick, none of these ticks is host-specific and, thus, will feed on a variety of
vertebrates, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. Human are incidental hosts. Although
important hosts, most bird species are not considered significant reservoirs of tick-borne
pathogens and are more important for their ability to rapidly disperse ticks to new geographical
areas. The manner in which ticks attempt to acquire hosts is called questing or host-seeking
behavior and largely determines the type animal parasitized. Because of its importance as the
vector of Lyme disease, human babesiosis, and HGA, the blacklegged tick will receive the
greatest emphasis, but major differences in the biology, behavior, and ecology of the other tick
species are noted.
